ABSTRACT

This study was conducted to determine how reducing the parasite burden in a definitive host may affect the prevalence in intermediate hosts. Here we used the eyeworm Oxyspirura petrowi and cecal worm Aulonocephalus pennula as model species. Northern bobwhite quail (Colinus virginianus) were provided an anthelmintic medicated feed in wild systems because of convincing evidence that these parasites were suppressing their populations. Eyeworm and cecal worm prevalence were measured in Orthopterans, which act as intermediate hosts, using polymerase chain reaction. Individuals were collected from a control site, a site treated for 2 yr, and a site treated for 5 yr. Orthopteran community composition was significantly different among the sites; however, an interaction between subfamily and site was not significant for the eyeworm. There was a significant reduction in eyeworm-infected Orthopterans on the 5-yr site compared with the other 2, suggesting that treatment of a definitive host may indeed affect the prevalence of eyeworms during other life-cycle stages. There was an interaction between the Orthopteran subfamily and the site for the cecal worm, so results were analyzed within each subfamily. A significant reduction in the prevalence of cecal worms was only found in the Cyrtacanthacridinae subfamily on the 5-yr site when compared with the other sites. However, the greatest prevalence in the Gomphocerinae and Oedipodinae subfamilies across all 3 sites was 4.1%. This indicates an unknown degree of cecal worm host specificity. Therefore, conclusions could not be made through the simple assessment of prevalence.

ABSTRACT

Toxoplasma gondii infection of swine is a potential public health concern because it can be acquired by humans through the handling and consumption of contaminated raw meat. Infections in immunocompromised individuals and fetuses are the most severe and these individuals are most likely to develop clinical toxoplasmosis. Since Mississippians consume a lot of pork, there was a significant need to know the extent to which it poses a health problem in the State. This study focused on the southwestern region of Mississippi. Between July 2003 and March 2004, blood samples were collected from slaughterhouses in southwestern Mississippi and the Alcorn State University swine farm in Churchill, Mississippi. The collected blood samples were centrifuged and the sera were collected, labeled, and stored in a freezer at −20 C. The modified agglutination test was performed at dilutions of 1:25, 1:50, and 1:500. A titer of 25 was considered seropositive. Of a total of 302 samples tested, 48 (16%) were positive at a titer of 25; 29 (10%) were positive at 50; 11 (4%) were positive at 500. The seroprevalence of T. gondii in pigs in southwestern Mississippi is not as high as previous studies done in Mississippi. This could be attributed to the sample size. However, the potential for infection still exists.

ABSTRACT

Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) infects amphibians and has been linked to the decline of hundreds of anuran amphibians all over the world. In the province of Groningen in the Netherlands, this fungal pathogen was not detected before this study. To determine whether Groningen was Bd-free, we surveyed 12 locations in this province in 2020 and 2021. Samples were then used to quantify the presence of Bd with a qPCR assay. In total, 2 out of 110 (∼0.02%) collected in 2020 and 11 out of 249 samples collected in 2021 tested positive for Bd. Infected amphibians were found in 4 out of the 12 sites, and the prevalence of Bd was estimated at 4% for both years combined. Our study provides the first record of Bd in Groningen, and we hypothesize that Bd is present throughout the Netherlands in regions currently considered “Bd-free.” Furthermore, we warn scientists and policymakers to be apprehensive when calling a site free from Bd when sampling is limited or not recent.

Dr. Raphael Richard Payne (1942–2023)

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Raphael Richard Payne, Emeritus Professor of Biology at Biola University, in La Mirada, California, affectionately known as “Rafe” to his friends and colleagues and as “The Old Pirate” when referring to himself, died October 19, 2023, after an extended illness. He was born in May 1942 in Ogbomosho, Nigeria, to medical missionary parents working for the Sudan Interior Mission and received some of his early schooling at the Bingham Academy in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. The family later moved back to the United States, to Kennewick, Washington. He attended Northwest Christian High School in Spokane, graduating

MEROGONY AND PHYLOGENY OF HEPATOZOON RAWASHI PARASITIZING HASSELQUIST’S FAN-FOOTED GECKO, PTYODACTYLUS HASSELQUISITI (SAURIA: PHYLODACTYLIDAE) IN EGYPT

A. S. Abdel-Baki,

Lamjed Mansour,

Saleh Al-Quraishy, and

Donald W. Duszynski

IMPLICATIONS OF TREATING PARASITIC INFECTION IN NORTHERN BOBWHITE (COLINUS VIRGINIANUS) ON OVERALL HELMINTH LIFE CYCLE

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SEROPREVALENCE OF TOXOPLASMA GONDII INFECTION IN PIGS FROM SOUTHWESTERN MISSISSIPPI

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FIRST RECORD OF BATRACHOCHYTRIUM DENDROBATIDIS IN THE NORTHERN NETHERLANDS

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Mary Beverley-Burton, PH.D., 10 JUNE 1930–25 FEBRUARY 2023

DR. RAPHAEL RICHARD PAYNE (1942–2023)

STEINERNEMA ADAMSI N. SP. (RHABDITIDA: STEINERNEMATIDAE), A NEW ENTOMOPATHOGENIC NEMATODE FROM THAILAND

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A NEW SPECIES OF THELOHANELLUS (CNIDARIA: MYXOSPOREA: MYXOBOLIDAE) FROM THE GILL OF QUILLBACK, CARPIODES CYPRINUS (CYPRINIFORMES: CATOSTOMIDAE), FROM THE ARKANSAS RIVER DRAINAGE OF OKLAHOMA

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CANINE HOOKWORM PRESENCE IN TONGATAPU, TONGA

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CORRECTING THE NAMES OF TWO HAEMOGREGARINA SPP. FROM LIZARDS IN EGYPT

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CHEMOTAXIS RESPONSE OF PHASMARHABDITIS CALIFORNICA (FAMILY: RHABDITIDAE) AND PRISTIONCHUS ENTOMOPHAGUS (FAMILY: NEODIPLOGASTERIDAE) TO THE MUCUS OF FOUR SLUG SPECIES

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GREGARINA LUTESCENS N. SP. INFECTING THE HARLEQUIN LADYBIRD HARMONIA AXYRIDIS (COLEOPTERA: COCCINELLIDAE)

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THEILERIA EQUI INFECTION IN WORKING HORSES OF PAKISTAN: EPIDEMIOLOGY, MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION, AND HEMATOBIOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS

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MEROGONY AND PHYLOGENY OF HEPATOZOON RAWASHI PARASITIZING HASSELQUIST’S FAN-FOOTED GECKO, PTYODACTYLUS HASSELQUISITI (SAURIA: PHYLODACTYLIDAE) IN EGYPT

REVISION OF THE LECANICEPHALIDEAN GENUS FLAPOCEPHALUS DESHMUKH, 1979 (EUCESTODA) FROM COWTAIL RAYS (GENUS PASTINACHUS RÜPPELL) (MYLIOBATIFORMES: DASYATIDAE JORDAN AND GILBERT) WITH THE DESCRIPTION OF FOUR NEW SPECIES

PARAPLEUROGENOIDES (DIGENEA), A NEW GENUS IN PELOPHYLAX BEDRIAGAE (ANURA: RANIDAE) FROM KURDISTAN, IRAN WITH COMMENTS ON THE RELATIONSHIPS WITHIN PLEUROGENIDAE

MENINGOENCEPHALITIS IN STRANDED SMOOTH DOGFISH (MUSTELUS CANIS) INFECTED BY PHILASTERIDES DICENTRARCHI (PHILASTERIDA: PHILASTERIDAE) IN THE NORTHWESTERN ATLANTIC OCEAN

FIRST RECORD OF PHYLLOBOTHRIID METACESTODES IN CHIMAERA MONSTROSA (HOLOCEPHALI) AND ONCORHYNCHUS GORBUSCHA (SALMONIDAE): NOVEL INSIGHT INTO LARVAL TOPOGRAPHY AND ULTRASTRUCTURE

DEPLETION OF SCHISTOSOMA MANSONI LUNG-STAGE SCHISTOSOMULA CHOLESTEROL BY METHYL-β-CYCLODEXTRIN DRAMATICALLY INCREASES SPECIFIC ANTIBODY BINDING TO SURFACE MEMBRANE ANTIGENS

DIFFERENTIAL EFFECTS OF INTERFERON-γ ON PRODUCTION OF TRYPANOSOME-DERIVED LYMPHOCYTE-TRIGGERING FACTOR BY TRYPANOSOMA BRUCEI GAMBIENSE AND TRYPANOSOMA BRUCEI BRUCEI

Portrait of Human Tapeworms

RIO META STRAIN OF PLASMODIUM VIVAX IN NEW WORLD MONKEYS AND ANOPHELINE MOSQUITOES

Occurrence of Acanthocephalans in Largemouth Bass and Smallmouth Bass (Centrarchidae) From Gull Lake, Michigan